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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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COVID-19 during pregnancy could potentially affect placental function.

Shoichi Magawa1, Masafumi Nii1, Naosuke Enomoto1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Faculty of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|October 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 infection during pregnancy can decrease placental oxygenation, even after recovery. Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) revealed lasting effects on placental function, though fetal growth remained unaffected.

Keywords:
COVID-19Placental functionblood oxygen level dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI)infectionoxygenation

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic necessitates understanding its impact on pregnancy.
  • Limited data exists on COVID-19's effects on placental function.
  • Placental oxygenation is crucial for fetal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the lasting effects of COVID-19 on placental oxygenation in pregnant individuals.
  • To utilize blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) for assessing placental function post-COVID-19 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study comparing eight pregnant individuals with COVID-19 to eighteen COVID-19-free controls.
  • BOLD-MRI used to measure placental oxygenation under normoxia and hyperoxia.
  • Analysis of peak placental oxygenation (peakΔR2*) and time to peak oxygenation.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in maternal background, delivery, or birth/placental weights between groups.
  • Significantly decreased peak placental oxygenation (peakΔR2*) in the COVID-19 group (p < .001).
  • No significant difference in the time to peak placental oxygenation between groups (p = .644).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 during pregnancy leads to reduced placental oxygenation post-illness.
  • BOLD-MRI is a viable tool for assessing placental oxygenation changes.
  • Further research is needed on COVID-19's long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.