Multi-molecular ¹⁴C evidence for mineral control on terrestrial carbon storage and export

Compound- and compound class-specific radiocarbon analysis of source-diagnostic 'biomarker' molecules has emerged as a powerful tool to gain insights into terrestrial carbon cycling. While most studies thus far have focused on higher plant biomarkers (i.e. plant leaf-wax n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanes, lignin-derived phenols), tracing paedogenic carbon is crucial given the pivotal role of soils in modulating ecosystem carbon turnover and organic carbon (OC) export. Here, we determine the radiocarbon (¹⁴C) ages of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in riverine sediments and compare them to those of higher plant biomarkers as well as markers of pyrogenic (fire-derived) carbon (benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs) to assess their potential as tracers of soil turnover and export. GDGT Δ¹⁴C follows similar relationships with basin properties as vegetation-derived lignin phenols and leaf-wax n-alkanoic acids, suggesting that the radiocarbon ages of these compounds are significantly impacted by intermittent soil storage. Systematic radiocarbon age offsets are observable between the studied biomarkers, which are likely caused by different mobilization pathways and/or stabilization by mineral association. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.