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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.1K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
870

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Pushing Technique Boundaries to Probe Conformational Polymorphism.

Martin R Ward1, Christopher R Taylor2, Matthew T Mulvee3

  • 1Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.

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|October 9, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored chlorpropamide (CPA) solid forms using combined experimental and computational methods. They discovered new polymorphs, including a metastable form via spray-drying, and resolved a previously identified form.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Understanding solid-state forms is crucial for drug development and manufacturing.
  • Chlorpropamide (CPA) exhibits complex polymorphism that requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extensively explore the solid-form landscape of chlorpropamide (CPA).
  • To discover and characterize new polymorphs and multicomponent forms of CPA.
  • To demonstrate a combined experimental-computational approach for controlling polymorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Flexible-molecule crystal structure prediction.
  • Spray-drying experiments.
  • Ball-milling.
  • Impurity- and gel-assisted crystallization.

Main Results:

  • New conformational polymorphs of CPA were obtained and contextualized.
  • A novel metastable polymorph (ζ-CPA) was formed via spray-drying.
  • The ball-milled η-form of CPA was identified and resolved.
  • Novel multicomponent forms were successfully synthesized.

Conclusions:

  • The combined experimental-computational approach effectively reveals and controls the formation of new metastable solid forms.
  • This strategy enhances the understanding and manipulation of chlorpropamide polymorphism.
  • The study highlights the potential for discovering novel solid forms with tailored properties.