Umbilical Incarcerated Hernia With Omental Eventration Caused by a Leech Bite in a Pediatric Patient

Medicinal leech therapy (MLT) is used in various medical disciplines, among which are reconstructive surgery and microsurgery. Medicinal leech therapy is also often adopted by alternative and traditional medicine, aiming to treat various common medical symptoms, such as fever and arthritis. Congenital umbilical hernia is a rather common physical finding in the pediatric population, where every third Caucasian newborn, roughly, is being diagnosed with the condition, and even more so among the African population. Fortunately, most cases resolve spontaneously in the first years of life. Toddlers whose hernia does not close typically require umbilical hernia repair. This article describes the case of a five-year-old girl with an asymptomatic congenital umbilical hernia who was admitted to the ER due to an omental eventration that occurred following the placement of a leech on her umbilicus in her parents' attempt to treat a febrile episode. She subsequently underwent an urgent umbilical exploration and a repair of her umbilical hernia. The main known risks of leeching are bacterial infection, anemia, prolonged bleeding, and, less frequently, pruritus, allergies, marked edema, and cellulitis. This article presents yet another possible complication that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been documented before in the literature. Several old-school therapies transcended over time into medical disciplines. Given that "traditional" practices often take place within households and communities, it is of crucial importance to point out potential complications, both rare and common, that can be caused by those practices in order to reduce the risk of severe, undesired outcomes. Indeed, the growing interface between traditional, alternative therapies and modern, conventional medicine urges better parental guidance and improved education regarding potentially harmful and unauthorized interventions.