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Brugia malayi: rat cell interactions with infective larvae mediated by complement.

R Chandrashekar, U R Rao, P B Parab

    Experimental Parasitology
    |December 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rat immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, effectively kill Brugia malayi infective larvae in vitro, utilizing the complement system. This study highlights rat cells

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Parasitology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Brugia malayi is a filarial nematode responsible for lymphatic filariasis.
    • The host immune response, particularly the role of complement and cellular components, is crucial in controlling parasitic infections.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of parasite killing is vital for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of albino rat immune cells against Brugia malayi infective larvae.
    • To elucidate the role of complement and its pathways in mediating cellular adherence and parasite killing.
    • To compare the efficacy of rat immune cells with those from other rodent species.

    Main Methods:

    • Incubation of Brugia malayi infective larvae with albino rat macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the presence of normal rat serum.

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  • Assessment of cell adherence and parasite killing using in vitro assays.
  • Complement pathway analysis by depleting specific complement components (zymosan A, Factor B, Factor D) and evaluating cytotoxicity.
  • Immunofluorescence detection of C3 molecules on larvae and measurement of complement consumption.

    • Main Results:

    • Albino rat macrophages and neutrophils, supported by complement, adhered to and killed Brugia malayi infective larvae.
    • Eosinophils showed marginal cytotoxicity alone but enhanced macrophage-mediated killing.
    • The complement system acted via the alternate pathway, as evidenced by the failure of depleted serum to support cell adherence.
    • C3 molecules were detected on larvae, and significant complement consumption occurred.
    • Rat immune cells were more potent killers than those from jirds or Mastomys natalensis.

    Conclusions:

    • Albino rat macrophages and neutrophils, activated by the alternate complement pathway, are effective in killing Brugia malayi infective larvae in vitro.
    • Eosinophils contribute to parasite killing, particularly in conjunction with macrophages.
    • The potent cytotoxic activity of rat immune cells correlates with the natural resistance of rats to B. malayi infection.