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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

471
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
471
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
932
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

798
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
798
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

601
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
601
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

141
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
141

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Optimization of fluidized bed agglomeration process for developing a blackberry powder mixture.

Misael Cortés Rodríguez1, Jesús Humberto Gil G1, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro2

  • 1Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Cra. 65 No. 59A - 110, Medellín, CP 050034, Antioquia, Colombia.

Heliyon
|October 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing fluidized bed agglomeration of blackberry powder (ABPM) improved its properties. Optimal conditions yielded enhanced solubility, wettability, density, and retained high levels of beneficial compounds like total phenols and anthocyanins.

Keywords:
Active componentsInstantization propertiesPowder flowRubus glaucus benth

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Spray-dried blackberry powder (from *Rubus glaucus* Benth) presents challenges in handling and dissolution.
  • Agglomeration is a process used to improve powder properties like flowability and rehydration.
  • Optimizing agglomeration parameters is crucial for maximizing the benefits of processed fruit powders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally optimize the fluidized bed agglomeration process for blackberry powder mixture (ABPM).
  • To evaluate the impact of agglomeration on key physical, chemical, and nutritional attributes of ABPM.
  • To determine optimal process conditions for enhanced ABPM characteristics using response surface methodology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized response surface methodology with a central face-centered design to optimize the agglomeration process.
  • Investigated independent variables: fluidization air inlet temperature (50-70°C), binder solution atomization air pressure (1-2 bar), and process time (20-35 min).
  • Assessed dependent variables including moisture content, solubility, wettability, apparent density, total phenols, radical scavenging activity (ABTS·+ and DPPH·), anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside), ellagic acid, and vitamin C.

Main Results:

  • The optimized agglomeration process (70°C, 1.7 bar, 21.7 min) significantly improved ABPM properties.
  • Achieved optimal values: moisture (9.7%), solubility (74.9%), wettability (13.7 min), apparent density (0.312 g/mL).
  • Retained high nutritional value: total phenols (4084.6 mg AGE/100g db), anthocyanins (213.6 mg C3G/100g db), and vitamin C (29.8 mg/100g db).

Conclusions:

  • Fluidized bed agglomeration enhances the physical properties and flow behavior of blackberry powder.
  • The process effectively preserves the nutritional content, including antioxidants and vitamin C.
  • Optimized ABPM is suitable for use as an instant drink ingredient and a valuable raw material for the food industry.