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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Nitroglycerin trapping in melamine matrices.

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Researchers created stable solid compounds using melamine and nitroglycerin (NG). The Spray Flash-Evaporation (SFE) method produced smaller NG inclusions, but the compounds slowly lose NG over time due to evaporation.

Keywords:
CompositeExplosiveInclusionMatrixMelamineNitroglycerin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Energetic Materials

Background:

  • Nitroglycerin (NG) is a liquid explosive requiring stabilization for safe handling and storage.
  • Melamine (Mel) offers a potential crystalline matrix for immobilizing energetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize solid powdered compounds of melamine and nitroglycerin (Mel/NG).
  • To investigate the effect of preparation methods on the morphology and stability of Mel/NG compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of Mel/NG compounds by evaporating solutions of melamine and nitroglycerin.
  • Utilizing ambient condition evaporation and Spray Flash-Evaporation (SFE) under reduced pressure.
  • Analysis of material morphology and stability over time.

Main Results:

  • Mel/NG solid powdered compounds were successfully prepared with up to 45 wt% NG.
  • The SFE process resulted in smaller amorphous nitroglycerin inclusions within the crystalline melamine matrix.
  • A gradual loss of nitroglycerin via evaporation was observed in the Mel/NG materials over time, indicating limited long-term stability.

Conclusions:

  • Melamine can serve as a host matrix for nitroglycerin, forming solid powdered compounds.
  • The SFE method offers advantages in controlling the morphology of nitroglycerin inclusions.
  • The long-term stability of Mel/NG compounds is limited by nitroglycerin evaporation, necessitating further research for enhanced stabilization.