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Updated: Jul 14, 2025

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Feedback based on experience sampling data: Examples of current approaches and considerations for future research.

Sara Laureen Bartels1,2, Catherine van Zelst3,4, Bernardo Melo Moura1,5,6

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

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Summary

Experience Sampling Method (ESM) feedback shows promise as a clinical tool. Researchers highlight the need for training, online interfaces, and face-to-face discussions for effective implementation in shared decision-making.

Keywords:
ESM-based feedbackEcological momentary assessmentExperience sampling methodGuidelinesMomentary data

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Assessment
  • Clinical Informatics
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Experience Sampling Method (ESM) and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) collect dynamic, personal data in daily life.
  • ESM-based feedback is being explored as a clinical tool to enhance shared decision-making.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding the generation, utilization, and implementation of ESM-based feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present ongoing ESM projects utilizing feedback within the Belgian-Dutch research network.
  • To summarize researcher experiences with ESM-based feedback in diverse patient populations.
  • To identify key aspects for effective ESM-based feedback implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 15 ongoing ESM projects providing feedback to patients.
  • Qualitative data synthesis from 8 experienced ESM researchers.
  • Analysis of practical considerations for ESM-based feedback delivery.

Main Results:

  • Training for healthcare professionals and researchers is crucial.
  • Online interfaces and graphical visualizations aid data presentation.
  • Face-to-face patient interaction is vital for discussing data relevance and implications.

Conclusions:

  • ESM-based feedback holds significant potential for clinical applications.
  • Effective implementation requires specific training, technological support, and patient-centered communication.
  • Future research should focus on developing consensus-based guidelines for ESM-based feedback.