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Case presentation of Campylobacter rectus leading to pneumonia and literature review
Ming Chen1, Xiangquan Song2, Miao Shi1
1Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China.
Abstract:
Pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus is very rare. Herein, we describe the treatment course and experiences of a patient with pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus. A 64-year-old woman with intermittent hemoptysis and part lung necrosis indicated by radiography was admitted to our hospital on March 15, 2021. After admission, a CT (Computer tomography)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was identified as Campylobacter rectus positive by bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing. The hemoptysis resolved, and the lesions in the right lower lung were gradually absorbed after treatment with anti-Campylobacter rectus drugs. In cases of pneumonia which unresolved by initial therapy and associated with more severe oral hygiene problems, the possibility of infection with oral pathogens (eg, Campylobacter rectus) should be considered. This case suggests that bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing of the diseased tissue, particularly anaerobic culture, helps to clarify the etiological diagnosis.
Insights
Pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus is rare. This case highlights successful treatment of a patient with this infection, emphasizing diagnostic methods like bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Pneumonia is typically caused by common respiratory pathogens.
- Infections by oral bacteria like Campylobacter rectus are uncommon causes of pneumonia.
- Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
Observation:
- A 64-year-old woman presented with hemoptysis and lung necrosis.
- Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy confirmed Campylobacter rectus.
- The patient had a history of poor oral hygiene.
Findings:
- Treatment with targeted anti-Campylobacter rectus drugs resolved hemoptysis.
- Lung lesions showed gradual absorption following antimicrobial therapy.
- Bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing were key to identifying the pathogen.
Implications:
- Consider oral pathogens such as Campylobacter rectus in refractory pneumonia cases, especially with poor oral hygiene.
- Metagenomic sequencing and anaerobic culture aid in diagnosing rare pneumonia etiologies.
- This case expands the understanding of Campylobacter rectus as a cause of pulmonary infection.
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