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Pediatric Renovascular Hypertension: A Pediatric Interventional Radiologist's Perspective

Kanav Goyal1, Taruna Yadav1, Pawan Kumar Garg1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging
|October 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) in children often presents silently, making early detection crucial. Prompt diagnosis and intervention, particularly with angioplasty, can prevent adverse outcomes associated with this secondary cause of hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Renovascular hypertension (RVH) accounts for a significant portion of secondary hypertension in children.
  • Delayed diagnosis of pediatric RVH can lead to severe clinical complications.
  • Clinical presentation is often subtle, with elevated blood pressure as the primary sign.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review imaging findings in pediatric renovascular hypertension.
  • To discuss management strategies for pediatric renovascular hypertension.
  • To highlight the role of interventional radiology in diagnosing and managing RVH in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on imaging modalities for RVH.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and interventional techniques.
  • Emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach for patient care.

Main Results:

  • Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for RVH diagnosis.
  • Ultrasound, CT, and MRI are alternative imaging options.
  • Angioplasty is the preferred treatment for selected pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of pediatric RVH requires a high index of clinical suspicion.
  • A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for optimal management.
  • Interventional radiology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of RVH in children.

Keywords:
balloon angioplastydigital subtraction angiographyrenal artery stenosisrenovascular hypertension

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