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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

16
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
16
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

14
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

14
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

11
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

12
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
03:45

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

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Obstructive - Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: differences and predictors.

Onur Akhan1, Mehmet Kis2, Tuncay Guzel3

  • 1Cardiology Department, Bilecik Training and Research Hospital, Bilecik, Turkey.

Acta Cardiologica
|October 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be obstructive or nonobstructive. ST segment depression, QT prolongation, and systolic anterior motion (SAM) are key predictors of obstruction in HCM patients.

Keywords:
Left ventricular hypertrophycardiomyopathycardiovascular imagingechocardiography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent genetic heart condition affecting 1/500 individuals.
  • HCM can lead to adverse outcomes, primarily due to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
  • Distinguishing between obstructive (Obs-HCM) and nonobstructive (Nonobs-HCM) forms is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differences between obstructive and nonobstructive HCM.
  • To determine predictors of obstruction in HCM using electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (ECHO) evaluations.
  • To correlate clinical, demographic, and biochemical characteristics with HCM obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Subgroup analysis of the national 'LVH-TR study' including 60 HCM patients (23 obstructive, 37 nonobstructive).
  • Exclusion of patients with arrhythmias or conduction blocks.
  • Comparison of ECG and ECHO findings, alongside clinical and biochemical data, between obstructive and nonobstructive HCM groups.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher Body Surface Area (BSA), ST-segment depression, QT/QTc durations, Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI), and Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM) rates were observed in obstructive HCM.
  • ST-segment depression, QT duration, LVMI, and SAM were significant predictors of obstruction in univariate analyses.
  • Multivariate and correlation analyses identified ST segment depression (rho=0.29), QT prolongation (rho=0.34), and SAM (rho=0.62) as independent predictors of obstruction.

Conclusions:

  • ST segment depression, QT prolongation, and SAM are significant predictors for obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • These ECG and ECHO findings provide valuable insights for differentiating and predicting obstruction in HCM.
  • The study's detailed comparisons will inform future research on HCM obstruction.