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A modified DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability assessment using connecting path and analytic hierarchy

Ali Miron Baki1, Seyed Morsal Ghavami2

  • 1Department of Surveying Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|October 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances groundwater vulnerability assessment by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the connecting path method (CPM) to refine the DRASTIC model. The modified approach offers a more accurate evaluation of pollution risks for better water resource management.

Keywords:
AHPCPMDRASTICGISGroundwater vulnerability assessmentPCM

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Groundwater is crucial for domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs, necessitating effective pollution vulnerability assessments.
  • The standard DRASTIC model, a GIS-based tool, uses seven parameters but has limitations due to fixed parameter weights in diverse hydroclimatic regions.
  • Adjusting DRASTIC parameter weights is essential for accurate vulnerability mapping in varied environmental settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To modify the DRASTIC model for improved groundwater vulnerability assessment by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the connecting path method (CPM).
  • To address the limitations of predefined DRASTIC parameter weights and enhance its applicability across different hydroclimatic conditions.
  • To develop a more precise and consistent methodology for evaluating groundwater pollution vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for expert judgment elicitation and the connecting path method (CPM) to complete pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs).
  • A modified DRASTIC model was developed by incorporating AHP and CPM to adjust parameter weights based on expert input and ensure consistency.
  • The proposed methodology was applied to Khoy County, Iran, and compared with standard DRASTIC and pesticide DRASTIC models.

Main Results:

  • The modified DRASTIC model, integrating AHP and CPM, demonstrated a higher correlation (0.57) with nitrate concentrations compared to standard DRASTIC (0.47) and pesticide DRASTIC (0.27).
  • The connecting path method effectively estimated missing judgments in incomplete pairwise comparison matrices, ensuring geometric consistency.
  • Application in Khoy County confirmed the enhanced precision of the integrated AHP-CPM approach for groundwater vulnerability assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of AHP and CPM provides a robust framework for refining the DRASTIC model, leading to more accurate groundwater vulnerability assessments.
  • The proposed methodology overcomes the limitations of fixed parameter weights in the standard DRASTIC model, offering greater adaptability to regional hydrogeological conditions.
  • This enhanced approach is valuable for developing targeted protective and preventive management strategies for groundwater resources.