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Comparing Sleep Patterns and Clinical Features between Preschool and School-Age Children with OSA

Le Chen1,2, Jingjing Huang1,3, Tao Jiang1,2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

The Laryngoscope
|October 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

School-age children experience more severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with greater sleep disruption than preschoolers. Obesity is a key factor in older children, while adenoid hypertrophy is more common in younger ones.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder in children.
  • Understanding age-related differences in OSA presentation is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sleep patterns in young individuals with snoring and OSA.
  • To investigate clinical feature differences between preschool and school-age children with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 213 children and adolescents undergoing polysomnography (PSG).
  • Participants divided into preschool and school-age groups for comparative analysis.
  • Analysis of sleep architecture, hypoxia, and clinical features.

Main Results:

  • School-age children exhibited higher apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation, and BMI.
  • Lower oxygen saturation levels and altered sleep stages (more N1/N2, less N3/REM) were noted in school-age children.
  • Adenoid hypertrophy was more common in preschoolers; obesity/overweight was prevalent in 94.2% of school-age children.

Conclusions:

  • School-age children have a higher frequency of respiratory events and more prominent sleep structure alterations than preschoolers.
  • Obesity/excessive weight appears to be a primary driver of OSA in school-age children.
  • Adenoid hypertrophy is a likely primary cause of OSA in preschool children.
Abstract

Keywords:
blood pressurebody mass indexchildrenobstructive sleep apneapolysomnography

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