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Drop Impact on Submillimeter-Structured Surfaces with Different Wetting Behaviors.

Jiangen Wu1, Jun Zou1, Haojun Ma1

  • 1Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.

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Submillimeter surface structures enhance droplet impact stability for applications like disease control and inkjet printing. Increasing surface hydrophilicity suppresses splashing and controls droplet behavior on these robust structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science and materials engineering
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Nanotechnology and microfabrication

Background:

  • Droplet impact dynamics are vital for infectious disease control, inkjet printing, and anti-icing technologies.
  • Surface wettability and microstructure significantly influence droplet behavior.
  • Submillimeter structures offer superior damage resistance compared to microstructures, ensuring stable droplet impact performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate droplet impact behaviors on submillimeter-structured Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces with tailored wetting properties.
  • To evaluate the influence of structural parameters (height, spacing) and surface wettability on droplet splashing and deposition.
  • To establish the potential for stable, long-term application of droplet impact effects in fluid separation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PDMS surfaces with varying submillimeter pillar dimensions and surface wettability.
  • Experimental analysis of droplet impact dynamics, including splashing, bouncing, and deposition.
  • Characterization of surface properties and correlation with observed droplet behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Submillimeter-structured surfaces exhibit increased susceptibility to droplet splashing compared to flat surfaces.
  • Enhanced surface hydrophilicity effectively suppresses splashing on these structured surfaces.
  • Increased submillimeter pillar height and decreased spacing elevate the critical Weber number, indicating greater resistance to splashing.
  • Superhydrophilic surfaces promote droplet impact and subsequent deposition due to capillary forces.

Conclusions:

  • Submillimeter structures provide a robust platform for controlling droplet impact dynamics.
  • Surface hydrophilicity is a key parameter for mitigating splashing and directing droplet behavior on structured surfaces.
  • The findings support the use of submillimeter-structured surfaces for stable and efficient fluid separation applications.