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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Halogenated Functional Electrolyte Additive for Li-CO2 Batteries.

Binbin Dan1, Linyue Li1, Shixuan Li1

  • 1Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Functional electrolyte additives enhance Li-CO2 battery performance. N-phenylpyrrolidine (PPD) lowers charging potential during CO2 evolution, while Br-PPD improves cycling stability by forming a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium anodes.

Keywords:
Li anodeLi-CO2 batteryelectrolyte additiveorganic halogensoverpotential

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Functional electrolyte additives are crucial for Li-CO2 batteries, impacting CO2 evolution (CO2ER) and reduction (CO2RR) reactions.
  • Existing additives have limited and varied functions, necessitating further research into their multiple impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multiple impacts of functional electrolyte additives in Li-CO2 batteries.
  • To explore the relationship between molecular structure and electrochemical performance of additives.
  • To enable targeted design of new additives for rechargeable batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated N-phenylpyrrolidine (PPD) and 1-(3-bromophenyl) pyrrole (Br-PPD) as electrolyte additives.
  • Evaluated CO2ER charging potentials and Li||Li symmetric cell cycling stability.
  • Analyzed the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal anodes.

Main Results:

  • PPD reduced the CO2ER charging potential to 3.65 V.
  • Br-PPD enabled 800 h of stable cycling in Li||Li cells due to a protective SEI.
  • Br-PPD-based Li-CO2 cells maintained 3.70 V for 120 cycles with a Super P cathode.

Conclusions:

  • Functional electrolyte additives significantly impact Li-CO2 battery performance.
  • The structural properties of organic molecules correlate with their electrochemical applications.
  • This study provides insights for designing effective additives for advanced rechargeable batteries.