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Two-Photon Polymerization Printing with High Metal Nanoparticle Loading.

Nuzhet I Kilic1,2, Giovanni M Saladino2, Sofia Johansson3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Microsystems Technology, Uppsala University, SE 75103 Uppsala, Sweden.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method for incorporating metal nanoparticles (NPs) into 3D-printed structures using two-photon polymerization (2PP). The approach enhances NP loading capacity and enables new functionalities for advanced applications.

Keywords:
X-ray fluorescenceadditive manufacturingmetal nanoparticlesnanoparticle surface engineeringtwo-photon polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables high-resolution 3D printing but is limited by photocurable resist formulations.
  • Incorporating metal nanoparticles (NPs) can add functionality to 3D-printed structures.
  • Challenges include limited NP concentrations due to laser interactions and poor dispersibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome limitations in metal NP integration for 2PP by developing a novel approach.
  • To enable higher NP concentrations in photocurable resists for enhanced functionality.
  • To explore the potential of NP-loaded 3D-printed structures in applications like bioimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of ex situ synthesized metallic Rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles (NPs).
  • Engineering NP surface for improved compatibility with photocurable resins.
  • Characterization of NP-laser interactions and dispersibility thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Rh NPs with minimal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and low absorption at 780 nm were used, limiting laser-induced scattering and absorption.
  • Engineered NP surfaces increased dispersibility, allowing incorporation up to 2 wt% – a significant increase over previous limits.
  • Rh NPs were successfully integrated throughout the 2PP-printed structures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method significantly enhances the concentration of metal NPs in 2PP-printed materials.
  • The resulting NP-loaded 3D structures show potential for advanced applications, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) bioimaging and medical devices.
  • This work expands the possibilities for creating functional 3D-printed materials via 2PP.