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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...

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Mucosal vaccination: onward and upward.

Catherine J Y Tsai^1,2,3,4, Jacelyn M S Loh^1,2, Kohtaro Fujihashi^3,4,5,6,7

¹Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Expert Review of Vaccines

|October 11, 2023

Summary

Developing effective mucosal vaccines, which offer easier administration and logistics, faces challenges. Overcoming these hurdles is crucial for advancing subunit-based mucosal vaccines and realizing their broad benefits.

Keywords:

Adjuvant delivery system mucosal immunology mucosal vaccine subunit vaccine

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

The mucosal immune system offers a frontline defense against pathogens.
Mucosal vaccines present advantages in needle-free delivery and simplified logistics.
Current licensed mucosal vaccines are primarily live attenuated or inactivated whole organisms, with no subunit-based options available.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of current mucosal vaccination strategies.
To identify and discuss existing knowledge gaps in mucosal immunology.
To highlight the importance and potential benefits of achieving success in mucosal vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Review of current understanding in mucosal vaccination.
Analysis of challenges in developing subunit-based mucosal vaccines.
Discussion of emerging research in mucosal immunology.

Main Results:

Mucosal vaccination holds significant biomedical, social, and economic potential.
Subunit vaccines are particularly challenging for mucosal delivery due to difficulties in eliciting strong immune responses.
Further research is needed to understand the immunological uniqueness of mucosal tissues.

Conclusions:

Despite challenges, the development of successful mucosal vaccines, especially subunit-based ones, is a worthwhile endeavor.
Addressing knowledge gaps in mucosal immunology is critical for future vaccine design.
Advancing mucosal vaccine technology can lead to more accessible and effective global health solutions.