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Role of Polyphenols, Their Nano-formulations, and Biomaterials in Diabetic Wound Healing
Nasr A Emad1,2, Iqra Zai1, Saeem Ahmad1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, M. B. Road, New Delhi, 110062, India.
Abstract:
A diabetic wound is one of the major complications arising from hyperglycemia, neuropathy, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Finding effective treatments for diabetic wounds has been difficult owing to the complex pathophysiology of diabetic wound environments. Chronic wounds are notoriously difficult to treat with conventional wound care methods. In recent years, polyphenols found in plants have received much interest as a potential treatment for diabetic wounds. Their key benefits are their safety and the fact that they act through many molecular routes to treat diabetic wounds. However, problems with their formulation development, including lipophilicity, light sensitivity, limited membrane permeability, rapid systemic elimination, and enzymatic degradation, prevented them from gaining clinical attention. This article highlights and discusses the mechanism of polyphenols and various polyphenol-based drug delivery systems used till now to treat diabetic wounds. The consideration that should be taken in polyphenols-based nano-formulations and their prospect for diabetic wounds are also discussed briefly.
Insights
Polyphenols show promise for treating diabetic wounds due to their safety and multi-target actions. However, formulation challenges hinder their clinical use, necessitating advanced delivery systems for diabetic wound healing.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Pharmacology
- Wound Healing Research
Background:
- Diabetic wounds stem from hyperglycemia, neuropathy, and oxidative stress, presenting complex healing challenges.
- Conventional treatments often fail for chronic diabetic wounds due to their intricate pathophysiology.
- Plant-derived polyphenols offer a promising, safe therapeutic approach for diabetic wounds, acting via multiple molecular pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of polyphenols in treating diabetic wounds.
- To discuss various polyphenol-based drug delivery systems for diabetic wound management.
- To explore considerations for polyphenol nano-formulations in diabetic wound therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of polyphenol mechanisms and applications in diabetic wound healing.
- Analysis of existing polyphenol-based drug delivery systems.
- Discussion of formulation challenges and nano-formulation strategies.
Main Results:
- Polyphenols exhibit diverse therapeutic effects beneficial for diabetic wound healing.
- Formulation issues like poor solubility and stability limit polyphenol efficacy.
- Various drug delivery systems, including nano-formulations, are being explored to overcome these limitations.
Conclusions:
- Polyphenols hold significant potential for treating diabetic wounds.
- Advanced drug delivery systems are crucial for overcoming polyphenol formulation barriers.
- Further research into polyphenol nano-formulations could enhance their clinical translation for diabetic wound care.
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