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A pathogen's spatial range is not constrained by geographical features in the flax rust pathosystem.

Keenan Duggal1,2, Ian Miller1,2, Juliana Jiranek2,3

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA.

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Summary

Plant pathogens like flax rust can spread with climate change. This study found flax rust can adapt to new environments more easily than its host plant, Lewis flax, potentially impacting agriculture.

Keywords:
Lewis flaxclimate changeflax rustplant pathogensrange shiftsspatial range

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Climate change facilitates pathogen spread into new regions, threatening ecosystems and agriculture.
  • Predicting plant pathogen range shifts requires understanding environmental, geographical, and host factors influencing their distribution.
  • Few studies have investigated these range determinants in natural plant populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the range determinants of Lewis flax (Linum lewisii) and its pathogen, flax rust (Melampsora lini), in the Rocky Mountains.
  • To assess the influence of geographical features and host population characteristics on pathogen distribution.
  • To predict how climate change may affect the interaction between Lewis flax and flax rust.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted transect surveys to evaluate the relationship between geographical features (elevation, slope, land cover) and flax presence/density.
  • Assessed the effect of geographical features on flax rust presence and prevalence.
  • Investigated the impact of flax population density and metapopulation structure on flax rust distribution.

Main Results:

  • Flax population density, not host metapopulation structure, significantly influenced flax rust distribution.
  • Lewis flax distribution was constrained by specific geographical and environmental features.
  • Flax rust was found across a wider range of environmental conditions than its host.

Conclusions:

  • Warming environments may restrict the optimal range of Lewis flax more than flax rust.
  • Flax rust is likely to track Lewis flax range shifts, posing a continued threat to agriculture and ecosystems.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing plant diseases under changing climate conditions.