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Exploring the Association Between Thyroid Function and Oral Microbiome Diversity: An NHANES Analysis.

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Thyroid function impacts oral health. Hyperthyroidism is linked to lower oral microbiome diversity, while thyroid hormone levels may alter oral microbial composition.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiome research
  • Endocrinology
  • Microbiome and host interactions

Background:

  • The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health.
  • Thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism, can affect various bodily systems.
  • Understanding the interplay between thyroid function and oral microbial communities is essential for comprehensive health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyroid function and oral microbiome diversity.
  • To explore how thyroid hormones and related biomarkers correlate with oral microbial composition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2012).
  • Assessment of thyroid function using thyroid hormones and biomarkers.
  • Measurement of oral microbiome diversity using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity.
  • Statistical analysis including linear regression and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS).

Main Results:

  • A total of 2943 participants were analyzed.
  • Self-reported thyroid disease was associated with reduced oral microbiome diversity (reduced ASVs).
  • Both subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism were significantly associated with reduced oral microbiome diversity.
  • Elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody levels correlated with increased oral microbiome diversity (higher ASVs).
  • Thyroid hormone levels (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine) and thyroglobulin levels showed significant differences in oral microbiome composition.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperthyroidism is associated with a reduction in oral microbiome diversity.
  • Specific thyroid function markers, including free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroglobulin, may influence the composition of the oral microbiome.