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The State of Cognitive Control in Language Processing.

Tal Ness1, Valerie J Langlois2, Albert E Kim2

  • 1Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences and Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control resolves language comprehension conflicts by sending biasing signals, guided by linguistic knowledge. This mechanism enhances processing speed and success by strengthening interpretations based on reliable evidence.

Keywords:
cognitive controlcomprehensionexecutive functionslanguage processingsentence processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Language comprehension involves interpreting complex messages with potentially conflicting cues.
  • Existing psycholinguistic models lack a clear explanation for how cognitive control resolves these conflicts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for cognitive control's role in resolving language comprehension conflicts.
  • To propose a novel account of how cognitive control directs biasing signals during language processing.
  • To present a computational model illustrating this mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental findings from multiple research methods.
  • Development of a theoretical account of cognitive control in language comprehension.
  • Construction of a computationally plausible model.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive control actively resolves conflicts in language comprehension.
  • A proposed mechanism involves top-down biasing signals guided by linguistic knowledge.
  • The model explains how linguistic evidence directs cognitive control.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive control is crucial for overcoming ambiguity and conflict in language.
  • Linguistic knowledge plays a key role in guiding cognitive control mechanisms.
  • Dynamic shifts in cognitive control states directly influence comprehension efficiency.