Distribution and Effects of Selenoneine by Ingestion of Extract from Mackerel Processing Residue in Mice

Selenoneine is an organic selenium compound contained in blood and dark muscle of fish. It has a strong antioxidative capacity and is considered useful as a new functional food material. However, the distribution and effects of selenoneine in the mammalian body have not been thoroughly examined. In this study, a selenoneine-rich mackerel extract was developed and fed to mice at 0.07% in standard rodent chow (ME diet) for 32 days to examine its distribution in the body. Selenoneine was distributed in the liver, kidney, and spleen in mice fed with mackerel extract, but it was not distributed in the plasma or erythrocytes. Moreover, concentrations of the major selenium-containing protein were not affected by the mackerel extract. The results of this study suggest that selenoneine is absorbed in the body following ingestion of low doses in crude material and preferentially accumulates in organs and later distributes in erythrocytes. Biochemical analyses of plasma in male mice showed that the glucose level was significantly increased and LDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased by ME diet feeding. The results indicate that male mice are sensitive to ME diet.