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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Related Experiment Video

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Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System
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CRISPR/Cas and Argonaute-Based Biosensors for Pathogen Detection.

Zhiruo Yang1, Siying Mao1, Lu Wang1

  • 1Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.

ACS Sensors
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Rapidly identifying pathogens is crucial for public health security. This review compares CRISPR/Cas systems and Argonaute (Ago) for developing advanced pathogen detection biosensors.

Keywords:
ArgonauteCRISPR/Casbiosensorelectrochemical detectionmicrobial defense systemmolecular diagnosticspathogensensing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biosensor Technology

Background:

  • Pathogen detection is critical for preventing public health crises.
  • Existing methods require highly sensitive and specific pathogen identification approaches.
  • Microbial Defense Systems (MDS) like CRISPR/Cas and Argonaute (Ago) offer novel solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare CRISPR/Cas systems and Argonaute (Ago) for pathogen detection.
  • To review the similarities and differences between these two nucleases.
  • To discuss future prospects for CRISPR/Cas and Ago-based biosensors, particularly electrochemical biosensors.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of CRISPR/Cas and Argonaute (Ago) mechanisms.
  • Literature review on microbial defense systems and biosensor applications.
  • Exploration of electrochemical biosensor development for pathogen detection.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas and Ago are programmable nucleases from Microbial Defense Systems.
  • Both systems enable guided, targeted activation for pathogen identification.
  • Electrochemical biosensors show promise for sensitive and specific pathogen detection.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas and Ago represent a new generation of pathogen detection tools.
  • Further development of CRISPR/Cas and Ago-based electrochemical biosensors is needed.
  • This review provides guidance for researchers in the field of pathogen detection biosensors.