Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

426
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
426
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

10.0K
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
10.0K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

8.9K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
8.9K
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

125.3K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
125.3K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.3K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.3K
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

2.4K
A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patient-derived organoids predict personalized drug response and reveal alternative therapeutic options in glioblastoma.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026
Same author

Sex-Specific and Time-Dependent Outcomes After TAVR Versus SAVR: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Feasibility of Distal Radial Access in the Use of a Large-Bore Sheath for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Real-World Evidence From the Nationwide Cohort.

Korean circulation journal·2026
Same author

Derivation and characterization of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 inhibitors.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Arterial stiffness index and blood pressure phenotypes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: prognostic implications for ischemic and bleeding events.

Clinical hypertension·2026
Same author

Temporal Trend of Cardiovascular Disease Burden Among Cancer Patients Between 2005 and 2022: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea.

Korean circulation journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
07:51

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

Published on: November 14, 2014

17.5K

GABAergic-like dopamine synapses in the brain.

Hyun-Jin Kim1, Byungjae Hwang2, Maria Reva3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.

Cell Reports
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine and GABA neurotransmission are linked, with dopamine synapses functioning like GABAergic ones. This GABAergic-like dopamine transmission is impaired early in Parkinson

Keywords:
CP: NeuroscienceGABAergic-like dopamine synapseParkinson’s diseasedopamine synapsedopamine-GABA co-transmission

More Related Videos

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
08:38

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: May 25, 2011

15.6K
Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices
07:32

Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices

Published on: October 12, 2017

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
07:51

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

Published on: November 14, 2014

17.5K
Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
08:38

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: May 25, 2011

15.6K
Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices
07:32

Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices

Published on: October 12, 2017

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Transmission
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Dopamine synapses are vital for movement and reward but poorly understood.
  • Dysfunction in dopamine signaling contributes to neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biological nature and function of dopamine synapses.
  • To investigate the relationship between dopamine and GABA co-transmission.
  • To explore the role of GABAergic-like dopamine synapses in health and Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in brain slices.
  • Genetic manipulation (neuroligin-2 knockdown).
  • Animal models of Parkinson's disease.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine and GABA co-transmission are strongly correlated across the brain.
  • Dopamine synapses exhibit GABAergic-like structure and function with regional variations.
  • GABA co-transmission deficits precede dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson's models.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine synapses possess GABAergic-like characteristics with distinct physiological properties.
  • Neuroligin-2 knockdown affects GABA co-transmission at dopamine synapses.
  • GABAergic-like dopamine synapses are implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.