Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

3.4K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.4K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.5K
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

2.5K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
2.5K
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

3.0K
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
3.0K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

4.0K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
4.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

1.9K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low-emission cement clinker precursor production, enabled by electrolytic extraction of calcium from waste cement.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Hydroaminoalkylation: A Tool of Choice for the Catalytic Addition of Amines to Alkenes in Small Molecules and Materials.

Accounts of chemical research·2025
Same author

Visual Detection of Cumulative Exposure to Amines by Controlling the Fate of the Excited State of Photochromic Dithienylethenes.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same author

Electronically and Sterically Varied Vanadium Aminopyridinate Complexes Applied to the Catalytic Reductive Coupling of Alcohols.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Regioselective Hydroaminoalkylation with Silylated Alkenes for β-Amino Acid Synthesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Co-Catalyzed P-H Activation and Related Cp*Co(III) Phosphine Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials
08:55

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

8.1K

Amine-Functionalized Polybutadiene Synthesis by Tunable Postpolymerization Hydroaminoalkylation.

Sabrina S Scott1, Brahmjot Kaur1,2, Cameron H M Zheng1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Early transition metal catalysis enables efficient amine functionalization of polyolefins. This method unexpectedly aminated internal alkenes, creating advanced materials with tunable properties.

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

10.4K
High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials
08:55

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

8.1K
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

10.4K
High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyolefins are versatile polymers, but functionalization can be challenging.
  • Hydroaminoalkylation offers a route to introduce amine groups into polymers.
  • Early transition metal catalysts show promise for selective functionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore tantalum-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of polybutadiene.
  • To investigate the functionalization of both vinyl and internal alkenes.
  • To develop amine-functionalized polyolefins with tunable properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tantalum catalysts for hydroaminoalkylation of 1,2- and 1,4-polybutadiene.
  • Controlled amination degree by adjusting amine and catalyst loading.
  • Employed small-molecule substrates to study reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved selective amination of vinyl groups and unexpected amination of internal alkenes.
  • Demonstrated control over the degree of amination.
  • Observed increased and tunable glass transition temperatures (Tg) with higher amination.

Conclusions:

  • Tantalum-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation is a powerful method for creating amine-functionalized polyolefins.
  • A directing group effect likely facilitates internal alkene amination.
  • The resulting materials exhibit enhanced thermal properties due to dynamic cross-linking.