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Sex-oriented perspectives in immunopharmacology
Andrea Cignarella1, Elisabetta Vegeto2, Chiara Bolego3
1Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Pharmacological Research
|October 11, 2023
Summary
Exploring sex differences in immunopharmacology is crucial for precision medicine. Understanding these variations can improve treatment efficacy and safety for conditions like cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunopharmacology
- Precision Medicine
- Sex Differences in Medicine
Background:
- Immunopharmacological agents offer benefits but have unpredictable efficacy and side effects.
- Significant sex-based differences exist in immune responses, impacting treatment outcomes.
- Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor (PD-1) pathway is key in immune response and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of sex differences in immunopharmacology.
- To emphasize the need for sex-specific approaches in precision medicine.
- To discuss the implications for treating cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on sex differences in immune responses.
- Analysis of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) pathway and sex-specific responses.
- Examination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors efficacy across sexes.
Main Results:
- Male patients show better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and TNF inhibitors.
- Females generally exhibit stronger immune responses to various stimuli.
- Sex-specific responses are observed in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, stroke, and type 1 diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Sex differences in immune pathophysiology necessitate tailored immunopharmacological protocols.
- Integrating sex-specific strategies into clinical guidelines can enhance precision medicine.
- Further research into the pharmacological basis of sex-specific drug responses is warranted.
Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune system modulating agentsSex and gender pharmacologyTeplizumab: TNF inhibitorsMore Related Videos
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