The temperature-dependent stoichiometry of mixed cryoimmunoglobulins

The interaction of three monoclonal rheumatoid factor IgM molecules with IgG antigens has been studied utilizing immunoglobulins isolated from three mixed cryoglobulins. Static light scattering measurements show that the stoichiometry of these immune complexes changes in a temperature-dependent manner from IgM(IgG)0-2 at temperatures greater than 37 degrees C to IgM(IgG)5 complexes at temperatures below 15 degrees C. These results were confirmed by the analysis of the composition of polyethyleneglycol-precipitated complexes. For one mixed cryoglobulin (Glo), temperature-dependent changes in stoichiometry were also verified by chemical cross-linking studies. Binding constants were determined by Scatchard analysis of light scattering data and by fluorescence polarization measurements. Values on the order of 10(5) M-1 were obtained for three monoclonal rheumatoid factor IgM molecules. Glo was further investigated by dynamic light scattering and partial specific volume measurements. Both dynamic light scattering and partial specific volume measurements provided evidence for surprising shape changes of the IgM X IgG complex as a function of temperature and IgG stoichiometry. Collectively, the data support the simple hypothesis that cryoprecipitation of mixed cryoglobulins occurs as a consequence of increases in the size (stoichiometry) of the complexes that are formed at low temperatures.