Slack K⁺ channels limit kainic acid-induced seizure severity in mice by modulating neuronal excitability and firing

Mutations of the Na⁺-activated K⁺ channel Slack (KCNT1) are associated with terrible epilepsy syndromes that already begin in infancy. Here we report increased severity of acute kainic acid-induced seizures in adult and juvenile Slack knockout mice (Slack^-/-) in vivo. Fittingly, we find exacerbation of cell death following kainic acid exposure in organotypic hippocampal slices as well as dissociated hippocampal cultures from Slack^-/- in vitro. Furthermore, in cultured Slack^-/- neurons, kainic acid-triggered Ca²⁺ influx and K⁺ efflux as well as depolarization-induced tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward currents are higher compared to the respective controls. This apparent changes in ion homeostasis could possibly explain altered action potential kinetics of Slack^-/- neurons: steeper rise slope, decreased threshold, and duration of afterhyperpolarization, which ultimately lead to higher action potential frequencies during kainic acid application or injection of depolarizing currents. Based on our data, we propose Slack as crucial gatekeeper of neuronal excitability to acutely limit seizure severity.