The hemodynamic and embolizing forces acting on thrombi--II. The effect of pulsatile blood flow

A previous analysis (Basmadjian, J. Biomechanics 17, 287-298, 1984) of the embolizing forces acting on thrombi in steady Poiseuille flow has been extended to pulsatile blood flow conditions in the major blood vessels. We show that for incipient and small compact thrombi up to 0.1 mm height, the maximum embolizing stresses can be calculated from the corresponding 'quasi-steady' viscous drag forces and measured maximum wall shear. Their magnitude is from 5 to 30 times (tau w)Max, the maximum wall shear stress during the cardiac cycle in the absence of thrombi. For larger thrombi, inertial and 'history' effects have to be taken into account, leading to embolizing stresses in excess of 100 Pa (1000 dyn cm-2).