Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

5.4K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
5.4K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.3K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.3K
Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

458
A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...
458
Design Example01:23

Design Example

332
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
332
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

16.0K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
16.0K
Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

107
A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
107

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and applications of the genus Dendrobium: An updated review from bioactive constituents and mechanisms to translational perspectives.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2026
Same author

Uncovering Sex Differences in the Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Through Connectome Alignment.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Reprogramming hydrogen-bonding networks at the solvent-polymer interface for mixed polyester waste depolymerization with high selectivity.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Divergent impacts of additives on biological risks associated with antibiotic resistance genes during black soldier fly manure composting: A comparative study of biochar, humic acid, and tea residue amendments.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and applications of the genus Polygonatum: A comprehensive update review.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

14.4K

Flexible circuit mechanisms for context-dependent song sequencing.

Frederic A Roemschied1,2, Diego A Pacheco1,3, Max J Aragon1

  • 1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.

Nature
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A single neural pathway controls complex insect communication, switching between simple and complex songs based on sensory input. This demonstrates how context shapes neural circuits for flexible behavioral output.

More Related Videos

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs
08:44

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs

Published on: May 9, 2017

15.9K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

14.4K
Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs
08:44

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs

Published on: May 9, 2017

15.9K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Animal behaviors, including vocalizations, are context-dependent, but the neural mechanisms for this flexibility are unclear.
  • Previous research suggested parallel motor circuits with context-specific sensitivities.
  • The Drosophila song production system offers a model to study how context influences action patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how a single neural pathway can generate context-dependent behavioral patterns.
  • To elucidate the role of specific neuron types in shaping Drosophila song structure.
  • To understand the neural basis of flexible communication in response to environmental cues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Drosophila song production system to study song patterning near and far from female flies.
  • Investigated the function of specific neuron types in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) circuits.
  • Developed a compact circuit model to simulate and validate the identified neural mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that a single brain-to-VNC pathway operates in two distinct regimes based on sensory history.
  • Found that VNC circuits utilize mutual inhibition and rebound excitability to control song modes.
  • Showed that brief sensory input elicits simple songs, while prolonged input drives complex songs via disinhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Female proximity triggers context-specific motor circuit dynamics, enabling complex song production.
  • Canonical circuit motifs, like mutual inhibition and disinhibition, are combined for flexible neural communication.
  • The identified mechanisms are sufficient to replicate natural song dynamics, highlighting circuit flexibility.