Which trunk muscle parameter is the best predictor for physical function in older adults?

Despite preliminary evidence demonstrating the relevance of trunk muscle strength for physical function in older adults, it is not clear which muscle-related trunk parameter is the best predictor for physical functions. Therefore, this study aimed to compare trunk muscle morphology or strength parameters regarding their predictive ability for physical functions.

Seventy-four older adults (38 men, 36 women, mean age 76.85 years) were tested for maximum absolute and relative isokinetic trunk flexion and extension strength, trunk lean mass, and trunk muscle quality. Functional assessment included normal and fast walking speed, repeated sit-to-stand transfer, timed up and go, and postural sway during a closed-feet and a semi-tandem stance adjusted for body height. Pearson's correlations were used to compare relationship between trunk strength adjusted and unadjusted for body weight to physical functions. Linear regression analysis including sex and age as co-variables was performed between trunk muscle and functional test parameters.

Relative back extension strength was the most consistent significant predictor for all physical function tests (p = 0.004-0.04) except for postural sway. Relative trunk flexion strength was related to normal walking speed (p = 0.024). Trunk lean mass was related to timed up and go performance (p = 0.024).

Relative back extension strength is associated with better performance in nearly all standard tests for physical function in older adults, while trunk flexion strength and lean mass seem to play a minor role. Our findings emphasize the importance of trunk muscle strength, especially the back extensor muscles, for physical function in older adults.