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Beyond the Scale: Investigating Adiponectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 as Metabolic Markers in Obese Adolescents with
Nur Aisiyah Widjaja1, Leonardo Alexander Caesar1, Suhasta Nova1
1Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
Background:
Adiponectin acts to prevent vascular dysfunction due to obesity by inhibiting ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions.
Objective:
We investigate adiponectin ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study with healthy obese adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Statistical analysis conducted was a test of normality and homogeneity tests, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, independent sample T-test/Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation and determined as significant if p value <0.05.
Results:
125 obese adolescents were recruited. 42 (33.6%) were obese with MetS (we grouped as MetS) and 83 (66.4%) subjects without MetS (non-MetS group). VCAM-1 was significantly higher on boys with MetS compared to girls with MetS, and even girls with MetS had lower levels of VCAM-1 than boys with non-MetS. ICAM-1 was significantly higher in boys with low-level HDL-c (p < 0.05) and correlated weakly with HDL-c, while adiponectin levels were significantly lower in girls with central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. Path analysis showed that triglyceride had a direct effect on ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 in both obese boys and girls. Adiponectin had a negative direct effect on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in girls. However, on boys, diastole blood pressure had a negative direct effect, which might be the role of sex hormones indirectly.
Conclusion:
VCAM-1 was significantly higher in boys than girls, which showed that boys had a higher risk of atherosclerosis. ICAM-1 showed no significant difference in both gender and metabolic states. Adiponectin showed a protective effect by lowering ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 directly on girls.
