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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
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Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

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FCRL1 immunoregulation in B cell development and malignancy.

Murali K Mamidi1, Jifeng Huang1, Kazuhito Honjo1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|October 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fc receptor-like 1 (FCRL1) is a cell surface receptor that plays a key role in B cell signaling and immune responses. FCRL1 is overexpressed in B cell leukemias and lymphomas, presenting a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
B cell receptorB cellsFCRL1immunotherapylymphocyte developmentmalignancysignaling

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Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
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Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is central to B cell malignancies.
  • Fc receptor-like (FCRL) proteins are cell surface receptors preferentially expressed by B cells.
  • FCRL1 modulates B cell signaling and humoral responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in FCRL1 biology.
  • To highlight FCRL1's significance as a biomarker and therapeutic target in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on FCRL1 in human and mouse models.
  • Analysis of FCRL1 expression in B cell leukemias and lymphomas.

Main Results:

  • FCRL1 contributes to BCR signalosome formation and modulates B cell signaling.
  • FCRL1 is overexpressed in mature B cell leukemias and lymphomas.
  • FCRL1 has potential for co-activation within B cells.

Conclusions:

  • FCRL1 plays a critical role in B cell development and transformation.
  • FCRL1 represents a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for B cell lymphoproliferative disorders.