Endovascular treatment of pulmonary artery aneurysm: Single case experience

A peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a dilatation involving all 3-vessel wall layers (the intima, media, and adventitia) of a distal pulmonary artery. It represents a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. There are only some reviews of transcatheter embolization of unruptured idiopathic peripheral PAAs. Association with cardiac diseases, infections, vascular anomalies, pulmonary hypertension, and vasculitis has been noted. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman, with a history of third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, treated with pacemaker placement, who presented a PAA in the left pulmonary lobe. Transcatheter coil embolization was performed, using a triple coaxial catheter system (a 6F outer, a 5F intermediate, and a 2.4F inner catheter) to prevent rupture and the aneurysm was successfully embolized. Although there is no consensus on the treatment for unruptured idiopathic peripheral PAAs, transcatheter embolization may be a promising treatment option.