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Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...

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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

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Published on: March 14, 2021

pH-Dependent phosphate separation using a tripodal hexaurea receptor.

Zhong-Yu Sun¹, Si-Qi Chen¹, Lin Liang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China. zhaochem@bit.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|October 12, 2023

Summary

A novel tripodal hexaurea receptor selectively binds phosphate anions (PO4^3-) with high affinity. This enables efficient liquid-liquid extraction and separation of phosphate from sulfate in aqueous solutions.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

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Published on: March 14, 2021

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Area of Science:

Supramolecular Chemistry
Anion Recognition
Separation Science

Background:

Selective anion recognition is crucial for environmental and industrial applications.
Phosphate and sulfate anions often coexist and require efficient separation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a receptor capable of selective phosphate anion binding and extraction.
To demonstrate the utility of this receptor in separating phosphate from sulfate.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a tripodal hexaurea receptor.
Anion binding studies in DMSO using titration methods.
Liquid-liquid extraction experiments from basic aqueous solutions to chloroform.
pH-dependent anion release studies.

Main Results:

The hexaurea receptor exhibits selective binding of phosphate anions (PO4^3-) with a binding affinity of 3.8 × 10^6 M^-1 in DMSO.
Phosphate binding is 38-fold stronger than sulfate anion (SO4^2-) binding.
Successful extraction of phosphate from basic aqueous solutions into chloroform.
Selective release of phosphate as H2PO4^- in acidic solutions, enabling separation from sulfate.

Conclusions:

The tripodal hexaurea receptor demonstrates high selectivity and affinity for phosphate anions.
This receptor facilitates a pH-dependent extraction process for selective phosphate separation.
The developed method offers a promising approach for separating phosphate and sulfate anions.