Jackfruit waste: an invented anticancer therapy using Jacalin lectin from jackfruit seed

Every food source contains both edible and inedible waste components. Millions of tonnes of trash from the food business are made from fruits, and these wastes are containing higher-value medicinal components, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic contents, a huge amount of proteins and secondary metabolites. These bioactive phytoconstituents are being used for the treatment of many serious fatal diseases. So, utilizing the recovered bioactive molecules from food wastes as functional ingredients offers a long-term alternative source of therapeutically active components that will lead to the discovery of novel phytoconstituents or novel treatment approaches. The goal of this systematic study is to provide an overview of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam, Moraceae) edible byproducts, such as jackfruit seeds that are largely neglected. This seed contains numerous bioactive lead molecules, such as carbohydrate-binding protein jacalin, which exhibits potent anticancer activity against colon cancer, blood cancer and breast cancer as well as can enlighten the new possible treatment approaches in targeted therapy and photodynamic chemotherapy. Moreover, jackfruit waste seed can be taken as a dietary food, which is having property to prevent and treat cancer and other lifestyle diseases. The works that have been carried out to utilize jackfruit waste other than the juicy edible bulbs have been reviewed in this article.