Comparison of temperature changes in different irrigation methods used in guided piezosurgery: in vitro study

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Surgical Technology
• Dental Implantology

Background:

• Bone overheating during implant dentistry can lead to complications.
• Effective cooling strategies are essential for successful osteotomy.
• Current methods may not provide adequate thermal management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate and compare the cooling performance of three distinct surgical osteotomy techniques.
• To determine the impact of different irrigation methods on bone temperature during implant procedures.

Main Methods:

• An in vitro study utilizing bovine ribs.
• Tested conventional osteotomy, template-assisted osteotomy, and modified template-assisted osteotomy with internal cooling.
• Temperature measurements recorded using contactless infrared thermometry; a no-cooling group served as a control.

Main Results:

• The modified template-assisted osteotomy with internal cooling achieved the lowest mean peak temperature (29.4°C ± 7).
• Conventional osteotomy without cooling exhibited the highest mean peak temperature (114.7°C ± 45.4).
• Significant temperature differences were observed across all tested groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

• The cooling method critically influences thermal development at the surgical site during bone splitting.
• Modified template-assisted osteotomy with internal cooling offers superior thermal management.
• Further in vivo research is necessary to validate these findings for clinical application.