Single-Pixel-Adjustable Structural Color Fabricated Using a Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Laser

Structural colors provide a highly stable and ecofriendly dyeing mechanism. The ability to adjust structural colors by a single pixel enhances their flexibility and application range. However, achieving single-pixel control and dynamic adjustment of structural colors remain a challenge yet. In this study, we propose a coloring method involving microcurve surfaces fabricated using a spatially modulated femtosecond laser hybrid technology, which combines spatially modulated femtosecond laser-assisted wet etching and molding. The fabricated microcurve surface exhibits bright colors under white light irradiation, and the color of each pixel can be adjusted independently by changing the morphology of the modified region inside fused silica using a femtosecond laser. With the high flexibility of femtosecond laser fabrication, color lightness can be accurately controlled through the quantitative adjustment of the arrangement of microcurve surfaces in an array, and various color patterns can be fabricated through the programmable arrangement of different microcurve surfaces. Additionally, the color exhibits strong dynamic characteristics, that is, different colors correspond to different external forces.