Atomic Force Microscopy
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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres
Published on: December 1, 2014
Yi Zhang1,2, Yongjie Zhang1,3, Kaixuan Gu1
1Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong China.
Scientists developed a new method for ultrafast fabrication of large-scale, atomically flat surfaces. This breakthrough achieves superior precision (0.05 nm Sa roughness) and efficiency, surpassing conventional techniques by over 1000 times.
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