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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...

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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Published on: January 17, 2018

Invasive Giant Prolactinoma.

Ali Alkhaibary¹, Ahoud Alharbi¹, Sami Khairy¹

¹College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

World Neurosurgery

|October 12, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A giant prolactinoma caused panhypopituitarism in a 64-year-old man. Treatment involved hormonal replacement, surgery, and addressing the invasive pituitary tumor.

Keywords:

Dopamine Hormonal Pituitary Prolactinoma

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Neurology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Prolactinomas are pituitary tumors that secrete prolactin.
Giant prolactinomas are defined by large size (>4 cm) and significantly elevated prolactin levels (>1000 ng/mL).
Invasive giant prolactinomas can cause mass effect and hormonal deficiencies.

Observation:

A 64-year-old man presented with an 8-year history of decreased libido, impotence, and blurred vision.
Neurologic exam revealed facial weakness, reduced visual acuity, and homonymous hemianopia.
Laboratory results showed markedly elevated serum prolactin (7896 ng/mL) and decreased testosterone, free T4, and ACTH.

Findings:

Brain MRI revealed a giant sellar/suprasellar lesion compressing the brainstem.
Diagnosis of panhypopituitarism secondary to a giant macroprolactinoma was established.
Histopathology confirmed the tumor as a prolactinoma.

Implications:

Management of invasive giant prolactinomas requires a multimodal approach.
This case highlights the importance of considering pituitary tumors in patients with hypopituitarism and visual disturbances.
Successful treatment involved hormonal replacement therapy and surgical tumor resection.