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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
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Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

X-ray spectroscopy station for sample characterization at ELI Beamlines.

A Zymaková1, M Precek2, A Picchiotti2,3

  • 1ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic. anna.zymakova@eli-beams.eu.

Scientific Reports
|October 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new X-ray emission spectroscopy station was developed, improving accuracy for liquid and powder samples. This advancement enhances X-ray spectroscopy applications across various scientific fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Synchrotron Radiation Science

Background:

  • X-ray spectroscopy is a crucial analytical technique with broad applications.
  • Existing wavelength dispersive spectrometers in X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) arrangements face measurement uncertainties due to sample position-dependent energy calibration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new X-ray emission spectroscopy station at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Beamlines Facility.
  • To enhance the precision and reliability of XES measurements, particularly for diverse sample types including liquids.
  • To address and mitigate sources of uncertainty in XES energy calibration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the von Hamos geometry for the XES instrument.
  • Implemented a novel two-camera system for precise source position control.
  • Developed a straightforward energy calibration procedure for liquid and powder samples using a thin film reference.
  • Demonstrated the use of a colliding jet liquid sample delivery system.

Main Results:

  • Successfully performed the first experimental determination of Kα lines for liquidized K3Fe(CN)6 and powdered/liquidized FeNH4(SO4)2.
  • Validated a reliable method for source position control, reducing calibration uncertainties.
  • Established a robust energy calibration procedure applicable to various sample states (liquid, powder).
  • Showcased the feasibility of in-situ XES analysis of liquid samples using advanced delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • The new XES station offers improved accuracy and reliability for analyzing diverse sample types, including liquids.
  • The developed source position control and calibration methods effectively minimize measurement uncertainties.
  • This instrumentation advances the capabilities for in-situ XES studies, opening new avenues for research.