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Mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases hospitalized by severe or critical COVID-19

Ana Karem S Pruneda1, José Omar Barreto-Rodríguez1, Moises Selman1

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, Tlalpan, Mexico.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine
|October 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and critical COVID-19 experienced significantly higher mortality rates compared to those without prior lung conditions. Higher BMI and comorbidities were associated with non-survival in ILD patients with COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • The impact of severe COVID-19 on patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains unclear.
  • This study aimed to characterize ILD patients hospitalized with critical COVID-19 and compare their mortality rates with a control group.

Observation:

  • A cohort of 41 ILD patients with COVID-19 was compared to 82 controls without lung disease, matched for age.
  • Patients with ILD and critical COVID-19 exhibited distinct baseline characteristics, including a higher prevalence of women and lower leukocyte and neutrophil counts.
  • The most frequent underlying ILD was secondary to autoimmune diseases.

Findings:

  • Patients with ILD and critical COVID-19 had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (63%) compared to controls (33%).
  • Non-survivors within the ILD group presented with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and experienced shorter hospital stays and fewer days of illness evolution.
  • Comorbidities were more prevalent among non-survivors in the ILD with COVID-19 cohort.

Implications:

  • Interstitial lung disease is a significant risk factor for mortality in critical COVID-19 cases.
  • Higher BMI and the presence of comorbidities may indicate a poorer prognosis for ILD patients contracting severe COVID-19.
  • Further research is warranted to explore specific management strategies for this vulnerable patient population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Critical COVID-19 mortalityInterstitial lung diseasesSevere COVID-19

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