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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

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Newly discovered circRNAs encoding proteins: recent progress.

Xiaotong Shi1,2, Shiyu Liao2, Zhiguo Bi2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Genetics
|October 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable RNA molecules. Newly discovered circRNA-encoded proteins show potential for disease diagnosis and treatment, offering new research avenues.

Keywords:
circular RNAdisease progressionencoded proteinosteosarcoma pathologyregulatory mechanism

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules with a stable, closed-loop structure.
  • circRNAs function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulating disease-associated miRNAs.
  • Recent discoveries reveal circRNAs can encode peptides/proteins via small open reading frames.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of circRNA-encoded proteins discovered since 2022.
  • To summarize the research progress on circRNA-coding proteins.
  • To discuss prediction models for circRNA functional sites and encoded proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published since 2022.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for circRNA-derived proteins.
  • Exploration of computational models for predicting circRNA functions.

Main Results:

  • circRNA-encoded proteins play significant roles in various disease mechanisms.
  • These proteins have potential applications in disease diagnosis and therapy.
  • Prediction models offer insights into identifying functional sites and encoded proteins.

Conclusions:

  • circRNA-coding proteins represent a novel area in RNA research with therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into circRNA-encoded proteins and their prediction models is warranted.
  • This field holds promise for advancing disease understanding and treatment strategies.