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Iron Deficiency Anemia Presenting With Pancytopenia: A Study From India.

Mahadev Meena¹, Satyendra Khichar², Akash Pawar¹

¹General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND.

|October 13, 2023

Summary

Severe iron deficiency can cause pancytopenia, a condition where all blood cell types are low. This study shows that iron replenishment effectively reverses this rare presentation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Keywords:

direct agglutination test hemoglobin electrophoresis iron deficiency anemia lactate dehydrogenase (ldh)pancytopenia

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Internal Medicine
Nutritional Deficiencies

Background:

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health issue.
IDA typically presents with thrombocytosis or normal leukocyte counts.
Rarely, IDA can manifest as pancytopenia.

Purpose of the Study:

To report six cases of severe iron deficiency presenting with pancytopenia.
To highlight iron deficiency as a treatable cause of pancytopenia.

Main Methods:

A 12-month observational study at a tertiary care center in India.
Included patients with pancytopenia (other causes excluded) and IDA.
Diagnosed IDA using CBC, peripheral smear, serum iron studies, and ferritin.

Main Results:

Six cases of severe iron deficiency presenting with pancytopenia were identified.
Iron replenishment led to significant improvement in hematological parameters within four weeks.
No other supplementation was required for recovery.

Conclusions:

Severe iron deficiency is a reversible cause of pancytopenia.
Consider iron deficiency in the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia after excluding common causes.