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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Biomechanical Aspects in Bone Tumor Engineering.

Ksenia Menshikh1, Ivana Banicevic2, Bojana Obradovic2

  • 1Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.

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|October 13, 2023
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This review examines biomechanical stimuli in osteosarcoma engineering. It assesses if current 3D in vitro models adequately bridge the gap with in vivo conditions for robust cancer drug development.

Keywords:
3D in vitro modelsbone cancerbone tumor microenvironmentosteosarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oncology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Anticancer drug development necessitates advanced tumor engineering models.
  • Simulating the tumor microenvironment in vitro, particularly for osteosarcoma, remains challenging.
  • Biomechanical stimuli are increasingly recognized as critical factors influencing tumor behavior and drug response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess the "in vivo - in vitro" gap in osteosarcoma engineering concerning biomechanical stimuli.
  • To compare biomechanical cues in native tumor environments with those in engineered 3D in vitro models.
  • To evaluate the current state of bone tumor engineering from a biophysical perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biomechanical stimuli in osteosarcoma.
  • Comparison of in vivo biomechanical cues with those in engineered 3D in vitro models.
  • Analysis of the role of biomechanics in tumor aggressiveness and chemosensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences exist between in vivo biomechanical conditions and current 3D in vitro osteosarcoma models.
  • Engineered models are increasingly incorporating biomechanical stimuli to better mimic the tumor microenvironment.
  • Biomechanical factors demonstrably impact osteosarcoma cell behavior and response to anticancer drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Bridging the "in vivo - in vitro" gap in osteosarcoma engineering requires a greater focus on biomechanical stimuli.
  • Advanced 3D in vitro models incorporating biomechanics are crucial for accurate drug testing and understanding tumor progression.
  • This review highlights key biophysical factors essential for improving bone tumor engineering models.