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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Asymptomatic Patients With Brugada ECG Pattern: Long-Term Prognosis From a Large Prospective Study.

Fiorenzo Gaita1,2, Natascia Cerrato3, Carla Giustetto2,4

  • 1Maria Pia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Turin, Italy (F.G.).

Circulation
|October 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asymptomatic patients with Brugada ECG pattern (BrECG) have a low annual risk of arrhythmic events. Spontaneous type 1 BrECG with a positive electrophysiologic study (EPS) identifies higher-risk individuals.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromearrhythmias, cardiacdeath, sudden, cardiacelectrocardiographyelectrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Electrophysiology
  • Genetic Cardiology

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome presents management challenges, especially for asymptomatic individuals with Brugada ECG pattern (BrECG).
  • Risk stratification and long-term prognosis for this population remain critical areas of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the long-term prognosis of a large cohort of asymptomatic patients diagnosed with BrECG.
  • To identify predictors of arrhythmic events in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1149 asymptomatic patients with BrECG was followed for 2-22 years.
  • Patients were stratified based on spontaneous type 1 BrECG or drug-induced type 1 BrECG.
  • Electrophysiologic study (EPS) was utilized in a subset of patients with spontaneous type 1 BrECG.

Main Results:

  • The overall annual event rate was low (0.2%), with 1.5% of patients experiencing arrhythmic events.
  • Patients with spontaneous type 1 BrECG had a higher event rate (0.4% per year) compared to drug-induced type 1 BrECG (0.03% per year).
  • Positive EPS in spontaneous type 1 BrECG patients was associated with significantly higher event rates (0.7% per year) versus negative EPS (0.2% per year).

Conclusions:

  • Asymptomatic BrECG patients have a low overall annual arrhythmic risk.
  • Spontaneous type 1 BrECG combined with a positive EPS identifies a subgroup requiring closer monitoring.
  • Patients with drug-induced type 1 BrECG have minimal risk but warrant continued follow-up for potential spontaneous pattern development.