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A Diffusion Model Analysis of Object-Based Selective Attention in the Eriksen Flanker Task.

Paul Kelber¹, Martina Gierlich¹, Jonathan Göth¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany.

Experimental Psychology

|October 13, 2023

Summary

Object-based attention, unlike space- or feature-based attention, influences selective attention. This study confirms that object grouping significantly impacts the congruency effect (CE) in attention tasks.

Keywords:

Eriksen flanker task attentional spreading diffusion model for conflict tasks object-based selective attention sensory enhancement target attenuation

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Perception

Background:

Selective attention mechanisms can be categorized as space-, feature-, or object-based.
Empirical support for object-based attention is limited due to overlapping predictions from different models.
Object-based models predict a larger congruency effect (CE) when flankers are strongly grouped with the target, a finding previously observed but not closely replicated.

Purpose of the Study:

To replicate the finding that object grouping influences the CE in the Eriksen flanker task.
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of object-based selective attention using computational modeling.
To challenge the attentional spreading account and propose an alternative target attenuation model.

Main Methods:

Two web-based experiments were conducted to replicate Kramer and Jacobson's (1991) findings.
The Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (DMC) was fitted to the experimental data.
Distributional analyses, including delta functions, were employed to analyze processing dynamics.

Main Results:

Replication of the finding: CEs were larger when flankers were connected to the target line compared to neutral lines.
Diffusion modeling indicated that object membership primarily modulated target processing strength.
Flanker processing strength and timing were not significantly affected by object membership.

Conclusions:

Object-based selective attention primarily affects target processing rather than flanker processing.
Findings challenge the attentional spreading (sensory enhancement) hypothesis.
An alternative target attenuation account of object-based selective attention is proposed.