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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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The Nuclear Cap-Binding Complex, a multitasking binding partner of RNA polymerase II transcripts.

Naoyuki Kataoka1

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Agriculture Bldg. 7A, Room 703, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

Journal of Biochemistry
|October 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) plays a crucial role in eukaryotic gene expression. This complex, comprising NCBP1 and NCBP2, mediates essential functions in RNA processing and translation.

Keywords:
7-methyl guanosine (m7G) capRNA polymerase IIcap-binding protein complex (CBC)eIF4Egene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression
  • RNA Processing

Background:

  • Eukaryotic RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase-II undergo 5' end capping.
  • The cap structure is vital for translation initiation, recruiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F).
  • The nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) is a key mediator of cap structure functions.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC).
  • It details the roles of CBC's protein components, NCBP1 and NCBP2 (formerly CBP80/NCBP and CBP20/NIP1).
  • The review examines CBC's involvement across multiple stages of eukaryotic gene expression.

Key Points:

  • CBC, composed of NCBP1 and NCBP2, binds to the 5' cap of RNAs.
  • CBC is essential for various steps in gene expression, including mRNA processing and export.
  • The complex influences translation initiation and other post-transcriptional regulatory events.

Conclusions:

  • The nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) is a multifaceted regulator of eukaryotic gene expression.
  • Understanding CBC's functions provides insights into fundamental cellular processes.
  • Further research into CBC will illuminate novel therapeutic targets for gene-related disorders.