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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Electromechanical Assessment of Optogenetically Modulated Cardiomyocyte Activity
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Engineering a Cl- -Modulated Light-Driven Na+ Pump.

Lan Xiao1, Qifan Yang1,2, Jingjing Tan1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered a microbial sodium pump (NaR) for chloride (Cl-) control, enhancing its function. This novel chemical modulation advances optogenetics for precise cellular process control and potential disease therapies.

Keywords:
chloride modulationkineticsmembrane proteinssodium pumps

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Optogenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Microbial sodium-pumping rhodopsins (NaRs) are optogenetic tools limited to light control.
  • Developing non-light-based modulation is crucial for expanding optogenetic tool versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel chloride (Cl-)-modulated microbial Na+ pump.
  • To explore chemical control of NaR activity beyond light-based mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered Nonlabens dokdonensis rhodopsin 2 (NdR2) by introducing a Cl- binding site.
  • Assessed Na+ pump activity and intermediate lifetimes in varying Cl- concentrations.
  • Analyzed competitive ion uptake to determine ion affinity and selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Engineered NdR2 showed a two-fold increase in Na+ pump activity with 100 mM Cl-.
  • Increased Cl- concentration reduced M and O intermediate lifetimes.
  • Cl- binding potentially enhances Na+ affinity and selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Chloride (Cl-) provides a novel chemical modulation for microbial Na+ pumps.
  • This Cl--modulated NdR2 offers precise control over Na+-related cellular processes.
  • Potential applications exist for optogenetic therapies targeting related diseases.