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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

264
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Omics and Multi-Omics in IBD: No Integration, No Breakthroughs.

Claudio Fiocchi1,2

  • 1Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Multi-omics research, leveraging big data and AI, is transforming inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) studies. While promising for clinical tools, current IBD multi-omics data primarily uses retrospective analysis, necessitating prospective datasets for greater benefit.

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseaseartificial intelligenceinflammatory bowel diseasemulti-omicsnetwork medicineomicssystems biologyulcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Computational biology
  • Genomics and systems biology

Background:

  • Complex diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) require advanced research methods beyond traditional experimentation.
  • Sophisticated technologies (sequencing, mass spectrometry) and AI are enabling "big data" approaches in disease research.
  • A shift towards in silico methodologies is underway for investigating diseases with unknown causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive assessment of omics and multi-omics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • To discuss the relevance of various omics to IBD pathogenesis and the potential of multi-omics data.
  • To explore the translation of multi-omics insights into clinical tools for IBD management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of state-of-the-art knowledge on omics and multi-omics in IBD.
  • Discussion of omics relevance to IBD pathogenesis.
  • Critical analysis of current IBD multi-omics study limitations and suggestions for optimization.

Main Results:

  • Multi-omics big data holds potential for biomarker identification, predicting disease course, and enabling precision medicine in IBD.
  • Current IBD multi-omics studies are predominantly based on retrospective, cross-sectional data.
  • A significant limitation is the reliance on descriptive associations rather than powerful longitudinal prospective datasets.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-omics approaches are crucial for advancing understanding and clinical management of IBD.
  • Optimization of IBD multi-omics data through prospective studies is needed for greater clinical and therapeutic benefit.
  • Multi-omics analyses are anticipated to be integrated into routine IBD management in the future.